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|image_caption = |image_flag = Flag of Savannah, Georgia.png |flag_size = |image_seal = Savannah_official_seal.png |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Chatham_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Savannah_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in Chatham County and the state of Georgia | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Georgia |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Chatham |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Edna Branch Jackson |leader_title1 = City Manager |leader_name1 = Stephanie Cutter (Acting) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 281.5 |area_land_km2 = 267.1 |area_water_km2 = 14.4 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = est. 2014 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 144,352 |population_density_km2 = 510.1 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,321.2 |population_metro = 372,708 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Demonym |population_blank1 = Savannahian |timezone = EST |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |latd = 32 |latm = 1 |latNS = N |longd = 81 |longm = 7 |longEW = W |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 15 |elevation_ft = 49 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 31401-31499 |area_code = 912 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 13-69000〔() 〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0322590 |website = (SavannahGA.gov )| |footnotes = }} Savannah () is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War,〔"Savannah", in ''The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia'' (Columbia University Press, 1994), p. 779.〕 Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgia's fifth-largest city and third-largest metropolitan area. Each year Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets, parks, and notable historic buildings: the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the United States of America), the Georgia Historical Society (the oldest continually operating historical society in the South), the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (one of the South's first public museums), the First African Baptist Church (one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States), Temple Mickve Israel (the third oldest synagogue in America), and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex (the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in America).〔 Savannah's downtown area, which includes the Savannah Historic District, the Savannah Victorian Historic District, and 22 parklike squares, is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States (designated by the U.S. government in 1966).〔 Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe (a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan). Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta. ==History== On February 12, 1733,〔O.S. February 1, 1732, according to the Julian calendar used in the British colonies until September 2, 1752. With the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, eleven days in the date were omitted.〕 General James Oglethorpe and settlers from the ship ''Anne'' landed at Yamacraw Bluff and were greeted by Tomochichi, the Yamacraws, and Indian traders John and Mary Musgrove. Mary Musgrove often served as an interpreter. The city of Savannah was founded on that date, along with the colony of Georgia. In 1751, Savannah and the rest of Georgia became a Royal Colony and Savannah was made the colonial capital of Georgia. By the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Savannah had become the southernmost commercial port of the Thirteen Colonies. British troops took the city in 1778, and the following year a combined force of American and French soldiers failed to rout the British at the Siege of Savannah. The British did not leave the city until July 1782.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Siege of Savannah During the American Revolutionary War )〕 Savannah, a prosperous seaport throughout the nineteenth century, was the Confederacy's sixth most populous city and the prime objective of General William T. Sherman's March to the Sea. Early on December 21, 1864, local authorities negotiated a peaceful surrender to save Savannah from destruction, and Union troops marched into the city at dawn.〔Jacqueline Jones, ''Saving Savannah: The City and the Civil War'' (New York: Alfred Knopf, 2008), 206.〕 Savannah was named for the Savannah River, which probably derives from variant names for the Shawnee, a Native American people who migrated to the river in the 1680s. The Shawnee destroyed another Native people, the Westo, and occupied their lands at the head of the Savannah River's navigation on the fall line, near present-day Augusta. These Shawnee were known by several local variants, including Shawano, Savano, Savana and Savannah.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Savannah River Basin )〕 Another theory is that the name Savannah refers to the extensive marshlands surrounding the river for miles inland, and is derived from the English term "savanna", a kind of tropical grassland, which was borrowed by the English from Spanish ''sabana'' and used in the Southern Colonies. (The Spanish word comes from the Taino word ''zabana''.) Still other theories suggest that the name Savannah originates from Algonquian terms meaning "southerner" or perhaps "salt".〔(Names in South Carolina, Volume 22 ), Institute for Southern Studies. 〕〔(Names in South Carolina, Volume 16 ), Institute for Southern Studies. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Savannah, Georgia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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